PPT – Failure in flexible Pavement Power. Point presentation . Loss of bearing course material Inadequate wearing course 2.
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Flexible Pavement Distress Fatigue (alligator) cracking. Bleeding. Blockcracking. Corrugation and shoving. Depression. Jointreflection cracking. Lane/shoulder drop- off.
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Longitudinal cracking. Patching Polished aggregate. Potholes. Raveling.
Rutting. Slippage cracking. Stripping. Transverse (thermal) cracking. Water bleeding and pumping 3. SOURCES OF PREMATURE PAVEMENT FAILURE 4. Causes of Premature Failure. Rutting due to high variations in ambient temperature. Uncontrolled heavy axle loads.
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Limitations of pavement design procedures to meet local environmental conditions. Sub- base Course Thickness ?
Pavement Design Life Selected Structural/Functional Performance Desired Design Traffic Predicted 7. FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE CURVESTRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE CURVE 8. Structural Performance. Functional Performance 9.
Failure Mechanism (Fatigue and Rut) 1. RELATIVE DAMAGE CONCEPT Axle loads bigger than 8. Axle loads smaller than 8. Load Equivalency Factor (L. E. F) (? Tons/8. 2 tons)4 1. Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking Bad fatigue cracking Fatigue cracking from frost action 1. Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking.
Series of interconnected cracks caused by fatigue failure under repeated traffic loading. Problem Indicator of structural failure, cracks allow moisture infiltration, roughness, may further deteriorate to a pothole 1. Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking. Causes Inadequate structural support, Decrease in pavement load supporting characteristics Loss of base, subbase or subgrade support due to poor drainage. Stripping on the bottom of the HMA layer. Inadequate structural design Poor construction (e. Repair Small, localized fatigue cracking indicative of a loss of subgrade support.
Large fatigue cracked areas indicative of general structural failure. Problem Roughness, depressions filled with substantial water can cause vehicle hydroplaning Possible Causes Frost heave or subgrade settlement resulting from inadequate compaction during construction. Repair depressions are small localized areas. Possible Causes Movement of the PCC slab beneath the HMA surface because of thermal and moisture changes.
Repair Strategies depend upon the severity and extent of the cracking Low severity cracks (lt 1/2 inch wide and infrequent cracks). Causes Poor joint contraction or location.
Repair Low severity cracks (lt 1/2 inch wide and infrequent cracks). High severity cracks (gt 1/2 inch wide and numerous cracks). Problem Allows moisture infiltration, roughness. Possible Causes Several including Shrinkage of the HMA surface due to low temperatures or asphalt binder hardening Reflective crack caused by cracks beneath the surface HMA layer top- down cracking. Problem Decreased skid resistance, an indication of high pavement porosity (water bleeding), decreased structural support (pumping). Possible Causes Porous pavement due to inadequate compaction during construction or poor mix design High water table Poor drainage.
Water Bleeding and Pumping 2. Patching Utility cut patch Patch over localized distress 2. Patching Description An area of pavement that has been replaced with new material to repair the existing pavement. Possible Causes Potholes are the end result of alligator cracking. Rutting 3. 3Rutting 3.
Rutting Description Surface depression in the wheelpath. Problem Ruts filled with water can cause vehicle hydroplaning, ruts tend to pull a vehicle towards the rut path as it is steered across the rut. Possible Causes caused by consolidation or lateral movement of the materials due to traffic loading. Problem Decreased structural support, rutting, shoving/corrugations, raveling, or cracking (alligator and longitudinal) Possible Causes Bottom- up stripping is very difficult to recognize because it manifests itself on the pavement surface as other forms of distress including rutting, shoving/corrugations, raveling, or cracking. Poor aggregate surface chemistry Water in the HMA causing moisture damage Overlays over an existing open- graded surface course. Repair A stripped pavement should be investigated to determine the root cause of failure (i.
Generally, the stripped pavement needs to be removed and replaced after correction of any subsurface drainage issues. P expressed in terms of ft. Typical PSI vs. Timep.
Serviceability (PSI)p. Time 4. 2Blowup (Buckling) 4. Description A localized upward slab movement and shattering at a joint or crack. Corner Break 4. 5Description A crack that intersects the PCC slab joints near the corner. Problem Roughness, moisture infiltration, severe corner breaks will fault, spall and disintegrate Possible Causes Severe corner stresses caused by load repetitions combined with a loss of support, poor load transfer across the joint, curling stresses and warping stresses. Repair Full- depth patch.
Durability Cracking (. Problem Some roughness, leads to spalling and eventual slab disintegration Possible Causes Freeze- thaw susceptible aggregate. Although a full- depth patch or partial- depth patch can repair the affected area, it does not address the root problem and will not, or course, prevent . When the average faulting reaches 4 mm (0. Rao et al., 1. 99. Problem Roughness Possible Causes Most commonly, faulting is a result of slab pumping. Patching 5. 1Description An area of pavement that has been replaced with new material to repair the existing pavement.
Problem Roughness Possible Causes Previous localized pavement deterioration that has been removed and patched Utility cuts Repair Patches are themselves a repair action. Problem Decreased skid resistance Possible Causes Repeated traffic applications.
Repair Diamond grinding or overlay.